COVID-19
Corona || Virus || Disease || 2019
Family-CoronaViridae
# Ranges From: Common cold to Middle cast Resp Syndrome severe acute Resp Syndrome# Zoonotic Disease: esp from civet cats,camels,bats# Incubation Period: 2-12 days (avg 5m day)# Clinical features: Range from no symptoms (asymptomatic) to severe pneumonia and death
Symptoms in Decreasing order of prevalence:
Fever Dry Cough Fatigue Sputum production Shortness of Breath Myalgia or Arthralgia Sore Throat Headache Chills Navsea and vomiting Nasal congestion Dlarrhoea Hemoptysis Conjunctival Congestion |
#Pathogenesis:
-Unique feature it causes both Upper Resp Tract Infection and Lower Resp Tract Infection
-Virus attaches to specific cellular Receptors via the spike protein
Transformational change,leading to fusion between the viral and cell membrane
Release of nucleocapsid into the cell
Transcription and translation
Alteration of DNA and production op proteins and certain specific enzymes
Alteration of cell function and production
Release of excess Cytokines and Chemokines (IL-1β, IL-6, IL-7, IL-8,IL-9,IL-10,TNFX)
Acute phase reactants (ESR ,CRP , Procaleitonin)
#Hyperinflammation
Cause of Death Due to copmplications / effects caused by
‘Cytokine Storm Syndrome’.
-Severe acute Respiratory Distress syndrome(SARS)
-Fulminant Myocarditis (cardiac affinity)
#Who are affected the most / Population at more risk:
-Immuno compromised individuals
-Chronic disorders:- Bronchias Asthma
-Diabetes
-Cardiovascular Patients Disorder
-Old Age People – Malignancy
#Spread – Droplet infection (cough and sneeze)
-Surfaces (Tables, Desks etc)
#Screening / Laboratory Analysis
-WBC count may vary Leukopenia(more common (<400/mm3)
- sed Lymphocytes count Lymphopenia (Most common finding)
- sed LDH levels (Due to affinity of cytokines for cardice tissue hepatic tissue)
- sed Ferritin Level (early finding)
- sed AST ALT (Aminotransferases)
- ESR , D- Dimer , Procolcitonin
#Virus confirmed by rt PCR Technique
#Culture – not done for precaution purposes.
#IMAGING - CT-CHEST
-Ground Glass Opacification w/wo consolidation
-B/L Peripheral in Volvement esp. Lower lobe
-can be found even before onset of cymptoms but not specific for COVID
TREATMENT
-Nothing has been postulated officially
-Hospitalisation only for severe cases
-Supportive Treatment
-Maintain Airway ,Breathing ,Circulation
-Ventilation if required (if PO2<55%)
-Isolation (to prevent spread)
-Correction of electrolyte imbalance
-Correct temperative
#Cortico steroids Avoided – Due to potential for prolonging Viral replication
#DRUGS SUCH Aa-
-TOCLIZUMAB (IL-6 BLOCKADE)
-ANAKINRA(IL-1 BLOCKADE)-against effects of Cytokine storm.
-Remdesivir (in spotlight these days for its effect shown)
Lopinavir/Ritonavir (HIVTc)
Favilavir #Anti-virals also tried
#Anti-HIV drugs
-Omer Anti Malanals also showed results.
Hydrony Chloroquine
Less tonic derivative of chloroquine phosphate
#THERE IS NO CERTAIN SPECIFIC TREATMENT PROTOCOL PUBLISHED BY WHO
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